Scott Alexander examines the conflict between predictive processing theory and evolutionary psychology claims about innate knowledge, questioning how genes could directly encode complex preferences. Longer summary

Scott Alexander explores the tension between predictive processing (PP) theory and evolutionary psychology claims about innate knowledge. He argues that while PP can accommodate some genetic influences on cognition, it struggles to explain how genes could directly encode high-level concepts like 'attraction to large breasts.' The post questions how such specific preferences could be genetically programmed given the limited number of genes humans have. Scott acknowledges that instincts clearly exist in animals, but suggests that even seemingly innate traits like gender identity may involve some level of inference. He proposes a heuristic for evaluating evolutionary psychology claims, recommending skepticism towards ideas that genes can directly manipulate high-level concepts unless there's a compelling evolutionary reason. Shorter summary