A book review examining the evidence for Joan of Arc's miraculous abilities and accomplishments, analyzing historical sources and debating whether she was divinely inspired, mentally ill, or part of a conspiracy. Longer summary

This review examines the historical evidence surrounding Joan of Arc, particularly focusing on the extensive documentation of her life through trial records and witness testimonies. The post first provides historical context about the Hundred Years' War and France's desperate situation, then recounts Joan's remarkable military achievements and her eventual capture and execution. The author analyzes three possible explanations for Joan's abilities: divine inspiration, mental illness, or conspiracy, while noting the complexity penalties in trying to explain her military genius, theological knowledge, and apparent prophetic abilities through non-supernatural means. The post ends with reflections on what Joan's case means for historical evidence and religious faith. Shorter summary

A collection of 41 interesting links and news items from April 2025, covering AI, politics, culture, and science, with Scott's commentary on each. Longer summary

This is a links roundup post featuring various interesting news, studies, and curiosities from April 2025. The post covers a wide range of topics including AI developments (particularly around OpenAI and truth-seeking AI), political updates (about Trump, immigration policy, and minimum wage effects), cultural items (like etymology of cowboy terms and medieval perception), and scientific findings. Scott maintains a light, sometimes humorous tone while sharing these diverse pieces of information, occasionally adding his own analysis or perspective on controversial topics. Shorter summary

Scott analyzes how technology can make previously profound experiences feel cheap and commonplace, using examples from medieval art to AI-generated images, while suggesting that maintaining wonder is still possible through individual effort. Longer summary

Scott explores the concept of semantic apocalypse - how technological progress can cheapen previously profound experiences - through three connected narratives. He starts with the medieval use of ultramarine blue for painting the Virgin Mary's coat, then discusses Erik Hoel's concerns about AI art cheapening Studio Ghibli's work, and finally examines this pattern throughout history. The post suggests that while this loss of wonder is real, it might be more about personal perception than technology itself, citing Chesterton's and Blake's ability to maintain wonder despite familiarity. The piece concludes that maintaining childlike wonder is possible and valuable, even in an age of abundant AI-generated art. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander reviews the 'Malleus Maleficarum', a 15th-century witch-hunting manual, analyzing its content and historical context while reflecting on the dangers of limited knowledge. Longer summary

Scott Alexander reviews the 'Malleus Maleficarum', a 15th-century manual for witch-hunters, exploring its contents, historical context, and implications. He examines the book's theological arguments, descriptions of witchcraft, and guidelines for witch trials, highlighting the authors' attempts at rationality within their belief system. The review concludes by reflecting on the tragedy of well-intentioned people causing harm due to limited understanding, drawing parallels to modern challenges in psychiatry and knowledge. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander summarizes and responds to comments on his Dark Ages post, addressing debates about the timeline, historical continuity, and implications of the concept. Longer summary

This post summarizes and responds to comments on a previous article about the Dark Ages. It covers debates about the timeline of the Dark Ages, challenges to the author's original claims, discussions on the continuity between classical and medieval worlds, and reflections on the philosophical and political implications of the concept of Dark Ages. The post includes various expert opinions and historical perspectives, addressing topics such as population decline, economic changes, and cultural shifts during this period. Scott Alexander acknowledges some potential errors in his original post and provides additional context and nuance to the discussion of the Dark Ages. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander argues that the Dark Ages in Western Europe (500-1000 AD) did occur, presenting evidence of economic, demographic, and intellectual decline during this period. Longer summary

Scott Alexander argues against the claim that the Dark Ages never happened, presenting evidence for a significant decline in Western Europe from 500-1000 AD. He addresses common counterarguments, showing how they often rely on isolated demands for rigor or misunderstandings of the term. Scott provides data on economic decline, population decrease, and reduced intellectual output during this period. He acknowledges that the topic is complex and can be politicized, but ultimately concludes that the evidence supports the existence of a 'Dark Age' in Western Europe. Shorter summary

A collection of interesting links from early 2017 covering drugs, education, politics, science and history, with Scott's commentary on each. Longer summary

This is a links post where Scott Alexander shares various interesting articles and studies he's come across. The post covers a wide range of topics including new drug developments, education statistics, political events around Trump's presidency, scientific discoveries, and historical curiosities. The format follows a typical links post structure with brief commentary on each link, often adding context or witty observations. Many items focus on current events from early 2017, including Trump administration policies and European political trends. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander presents a diverse collection of interesting links covering politics, science, history, and culture, with brief commentary on each item. Longer summary

A curated collection of interesting links spanning various topics, compiled by Scott Alexander. The post covers a wide range of subjects including political events, scientific studies, historical anecdotes, and cultural phenomena. Among the notable items are stories about medieval fighting myths, a massive Chinese ghost mall, Japanese parliament members' nationalism, and various statistical studies. The post maintains a light, often humorous tone while presenting these diverse pieces of information, occasionally adding brief commentary or connections between different items. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander explores the challenges of utilitarianism when confronted with hidden or distant suffering, using examples like nursing homes and prisons to illustrate the ethical dilemma. Longer summary

This post discusses the ethical dilemma of utilitarianism when faced with 'bottomless pits of suffering' - situations where helping others would require significant sacrifices from those who are currently comfortable. Scott uses examples like medieval church spending, nursing homes, and prisons to illustrate how easy it is to ignore suffering that isn't immediately visible. He then relates this to philosophical problems in utilitarianism, such as utility monsters and Pascal's Wager. The post concludes by noting the difficulty in finding ethical frameworks that address these issues without completely ignoring hidden suffering. Shorter summary

Scott explores the fascinating etymology of 'placebo' from medieval funerals to medicine, then discusses the controversial placebo effect in depression treatment. Longer summary

This post explores the etymology of the word 'placebo' and its journey from funeral rites to medical terminology. Scott starts by debunking the common medical school explanation and delves into its medieval origins as part of funeral rites. He then discusses various theories on how it became an insult and eventually a medical term. The post then shifts to discussing the placebo effect in depression treatment, highlighting the controversy surrounding its effectiveness and the importance of understanding its true nature for patient care. Shorter summary