A diverse collection of links covering history, science, politics, culture, and curiosities, presented with humor and interesting facts. Longer summary

This post is a collection of various links and interesting facts across multiple domains. It covers historical peace treaties, scientific research on diminishing returns in science, geopolitical tensions in Eurovision, education rankings, religious schisms, marijuana regulations, scientific publishing news, experimental archaeology, neuroscience discoveries, geographical facts, international disputes, philosophy humor, rationality-related subreddits, healthcare transparency efforts, academic scandals, mathematical breakthroughs, political trends, cultural oddities, and linguistic curiosities. The post maintains a light, often humorous tone while presenting a wide array of information. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander reviews 'Quantum Computing Since Democritus' by Scott Aaronson, sharing insights gained despite the book's complexity and his own mathematical limitations. Longer summary

Scott Alexander reviews Scott Aaronson's book 'Quantum Computing Since Democritus', admitting he struggled to fully understand it due to its mathematical complexity. Despite this, he gained insights into quantum mechanics, computational complexity, and the nature of information in physics. The review highlights key passages and ideas from the book, including Aaronson's perspective on quantum mechanics as a generalization of probability theory and his views on artificial intelligence and consciousness. Alexander also reflects on his own mathematical limitations and the book's impact on his understanding of various scientific and philosophical concepts. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander explores the concept of 'Eulering' and strategies for dealing with complex mathematical arguments in non-mathematical debates. Longer summary

Scott Alexander discusses the concept of 'Eulering,' where complex mathematical arguments are used to refute non-mathematical ideas, potentially leaving those less mathematically inclined unable to respond effectively. He uses the apocryphal story of Diderot and Euler to illustrate this concept. Scott explores the dilemma of whether to dismiss such arguments as sophistry or to accept them at face value, highlighting the trade-off between avoiding mathematical intimidation and maintaining intellectual rigor. He discusses his personal experiences with mathematical arguments in various fields, particularly focusing on statistics in scientific research. Scott proposes a strategy of 'routing around' complex mathematical objections by focusing on the underlying non-mathematical claims and evidence. Shorter summary

Scott describes a philosophical role-playing game adventure called 'Fermat's Last Stand', featuring puzzles, debates, and original songs. Longer summary

This post describes a role-playing game adventure called 'Fermat's Last Stand', a sequel to a previous game. It follows a group of philosophers and other characters on a quest to find information about the mysterious Bayesian Conspiracy. Their journey takes them through various philosophical and mathematical challenges, encounters with famous thinkers, and battles with pirates. The adventure involves solving puzzles, engaging in debates, and navigating ethical dilemmas. The story is interspersed with original songs that relate to the plot and characters. The post ends with credits for those who helped create the game and music. Shorter summary