Scott Alexander critiques Ben Hoffman's arguments about Vitamin D dosing, maintaining that it is primarily a bone-related chemical with limited evidence for other benefits. Longer summary

Scott Alexander responds to Ben Hoffman's critique of his views on Vitamin D dosing. He argues that ancestral populations likely received much less Vitamin D from sunlight than Hoffman suggests, and that the doses used in most studies are appropriate. Scott reviews the literature on Vitamin D dosing, discusses various recommendations and debates within the medical community, and explains why he remains skeptical of claims about Vitamin D's non-skeletal benefits, including for COVID-19 treatment. Shorter summary

The post examines whether unimproved land value can be accurately assessed separately from buildings, a crucial aspect of Georgist land value taxation. Longer summary

This post explores the feasibility of accurately assessing unimproved land value separately from buildings, a key requirement for implementing Georgist land value taxation. It reviews various modern assessment methods, discusses their accuracy and limitations, and concludes that while not perfect, these methods are likely 'good enough' for practical implementation of land value tax policies. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander examines the historical link between gout and achievement, ultimately finding the evidence unconvincing despite some intriguing connections. Longer summary

Scott Alexander explores the historical association between gout and high achievement, discussing a theory that high uric acid levels might contribute to success. He examines the biological basis for this idea, comparing uric acid to caffeine and theacrine. However, after reviewing several studies, Scott concludes that the evidence for this theory is weak and inconsistent. He then discusses more recent research linking uric acid to mood disorders, particularly mania, but suggests that more research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander presents a curated list of interesting links and news items on topics ranging from politics and science to technology and culture. Longer summary

This post is a collection of interesting links and news items curated by Scott Alexander. It covers a wide range of topics including politics, science, technology, economics, and culture. Some highlights include: a study on the effects of gender-balanced corporate boards in California, a debate about YouTube's algorithm and radicalization, updates on the coronavirus outbreak, and interesting scientific findings on topics like obesity and climate models. The post also includes humorous items and writing prompts. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander examines seven cognitive traps that lead doctors to believe they're above-average, potentially applying to other client-choice professions. Longer summary

Scott Alexander explores why doctors often believe they're above-average practitioners. He presents seven cognitive traps that contribute to this belief: 1) Doctors mainly see patients who left worse doctors, 2) Patient retention creates a positively biased sample, 3) Patient departures are often unnoticed, 4) Long-term patients are usually success stories, 5) Doctors are aware of others' mistakes but not their own, 6) Successes are attributed to skill while failures are attributed to circumstances, and 7) Doctors excel at metrics they personally value. Scott suggests these biases might apply to other professions where clients choose their service providers. Shorter summary

A vegetarian and meat-eater collaborate to analyze the impacts of eating meat, concluding that reduced consumption is beneficial but not as clear-cut as some might think. Longer summary

This post is an entry to the 2019 Adversarial Collaboration Contest, where a vegetarian and a meat-eater investigate the ethical, health, and environmental impacts of eating meat. They explore animal consciousness, factory farming conditions, human happiness set points, health outcomes, environmental effects, and costs of switching diets. They conclude that reducing meat consumption, especially chicken, is beneficial overall, but the case is not as strong as some vegetarians might assume. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander compares three gabapentinoid drugs (gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut), exploring their effects, mechanisms, and the mysteries surrounding their differing efficacies despite chemical similarities. Longer summary

Scott Alexander discusses three gabapentinoid drugs: gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut. He compares their effects, mechanisms, and mysteries surrounding their differing efficacies. Gabapentin is described as subtle at low doses and problematic at high doses. Pregabalin is noted for its effectiveness in anxiety treatment but its high cost. Phenibut, while not FDA-approved, is praised for its strong anti-anxiety effects but warned against due to addiction potential. The post explores possible explanations for the differences between these chemically similar drugs, including dosing discrepancies, absorption rates, and receptor interactions. Scott also touches on the broader implications for drug research and the complexities of psychopharmacology. Shorter summary

The post examines the theory of treating schizophrenia's prodrome stage, exploring how early intervention might prevent full-blown schizophrenia and discussing the biological mechanisms behind the disease's progression. Longer summary

This post discusses the concept of treating the prodrome of schizophrenia, an early stage where symptoms are just beginning to develop. The author explores the theory that early intervention can prevent full-blown schizophrenia, comparing it to early detection in other medical conditions. The post delves into the 'Duration of Untreated Psychosis' (DUP) model, which suggests that psychosis can be toxic to the brain. The author initially expresses skepticism about this model but later becomes more open to it after learning about the biology of schizophrenia. The post then explains a theory of how schizophrenia develops through aberrant prediction errors and how this process might lead to both positive and negative symptoms. It concludes with a first-person account of schizophrenia that illustrates these concepts. Shorter summary

The post reviews research on adult neurogenesis, initially presenting evidence for its existence and importance, then reveals a new study suggesting it doesn't occur in humans, examining the implications of this potential field-wide error. Longer summary

This post reviews the literature on adult neurogenesis, initially presenting numerous studies that claimed to find evidence for the generation of new neurons in adult human brains. These studies linked adult neurogenesis to various aspects of brain function, including memory, learning, and depression. However, the post then reveals a new study suggesting that adult neurogenesis doesn't actually occur in humans, or is so rare as to be insignificant. The author examines how this field-wide error could have occurred, discussing the extrapolation of rat studies to humans and the role of confirmation bias. The post ends by reflecting on the implications of this for scientific research and the replication crisis. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander reviews Jordan Peterson's 'Twelve Rules For Life', finding it surprisingly insightful and impactful despite some philosophical criticisms. Longer summary

Scott Alexander reviews Jordan Peterson's book 'Twelve Rules For Life', finding it surprisingly good despite initial skepticism. He compares Peterson's writing to C.S. Lewis in its ability to make clichés feel meaningful and impactful. The review analyzes Peterson's ideas about order vs. chaos, his grounding of morality in the alleviation of suffering, and his approach to psychotherapy. While Scott has some criticisms of Peterson's philosophical foundations, he ultimately sees Peterson's work as a positive force, albeit one he's not personally drawn to join. Shorter summary

Scott Alexander argues that gender imbalances in certain movements are more likely due to inherent differences in interests between men and women rather than offensive attitudes, challenging the assumption that purging perceived sexism will achieve gender parity. Longer summary

Scott Alexander challenges the assumption that gender imbalances in movements like libertarianism are primarily due to offensive attitudes. He presents examples of groups with poor gender equality reputations that still have balanced gender ratios, such as Trump voters and the Catholic Church. He then explores research on gender differences in interests, particularly the 'interest in things vs. people' dimension, which shows a large difference between men and women. Scott suggests these underlying differences in interests and approaches to morality (e.g., utilitarianism) may better explain gender imbalances in certain fields and movements. He argues that attempts to achieve gender balance by purging perceived sexism may be misguided and could lead to unnecessary conflict within these communities. The post concludes by emphasizing the need to fight harassment and build a better world, but not with the expectation that it will automatically lead to gender parity in all fields. Shorter summary